1 OCTOBER 1944
Battle of the Scheldt begins; the First Canadian Army has a hard slog to open the port of Antwerp.

2 OCTOBER 2001
The U.S. anti-terrorism campaign is boosted by NATO’s affirmation that an attack on one member is an attack on all.

3 OCTOBER 1914
The first contingent of 30,000 in the Canadian Expeditionary Force sails from Quebec to join war efforts in Europe.

4 OCTOBER 2002
Queen Elizabeth II starts her Golden Jubilee tour of Canada.

5 OCTOBER 1786
Prince William, later King William IV, is the first member of the royal family to visit Canada.

6 OCTOBER 1818
The War of 1812 peace treaty returns Fort Astoria on the Columbia River to the United States.

7 OCTOBER 1950
The United Nations recommends “all appropriate steps be taken to ensure conditions of stability throughout Korea.”

8 OCTOBER 1950
The Chinese People’s Volunteers to Aid Korea is formed under orders of Mao Zedong.

9 OCTOBER 1874
After a harrowing three-month march, the Northwest Mounted Police reach Fort Whoop-Up (in present-day Alberta) only to find the whisky traders have fled.

10 OCTOBER 1970
The Quebec government refuses to free Front de Libération de Quebec prisoners; Labour Minister Pierre Laporte is kidnapped.

11 OCTOBER 1944
The 1^st Canadian Infantry Division returns to the Gothic Line in Italy.

12 OCTOBER 1492
Christopher Columbus lands in the New World.

13 OCTOBER 1998
NATO orders air strikes to drive Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic from Kosovo.

14 OCTOBER 1940
HMCS Skeena rescues 220 survivors of HMS Cheshire, torpedoed in the North Atlantic.

15 OCTOBER 1951
Royal Canadian Air Force Ground Observer Corps is formed and attracts 50,000 civilians.

16-20 OCTOBER 1869
The new Comité National des Métis forms to discuss rights with Ottawa and elects Louis Riel as secretary.

17 OCTOBER 1970
Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte is murdered by the FLQ.

18 OCTOBER 1929
Women are declared persons before the law in Canada, and can vote, own property and serve as judges.

19 OCTOBER 1864
Confederate fugitives hiding in Montreal cross the border to rob banks and torch St. Albans, Vermont. It is the northernmost stretch of the American Civil War.

19 OCTOBER- 22 NOVEMBER 1914
The First Battle of Ypres.

20 OCTOBER 1818
The U.S. and Britain agree on boundaries from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains.

21 OCTOBER 1940
Nine days after S.S. Saint Malo is torpedoed, 16 survivors, mostly Canadian, leave their lifeboat to join that of a different downed ship. All are rescued the next day.

22 OCTOBER 1692
With little help, 14-year-old Madeleine de Verchères defends her home east of Montreal against Iroquois siege for eight days.

23 OCTOBER 1952
Eighteen Canadians are killed, 35 wounded, 14 taken prisoner as Chinese troops attack Hill 355 in Korea.

24 OCTOBER 1971
United Nations Day is declared.

25 OCTOBER 1973
A United Nations Emergency Force is established to supervise the Egypt-Israel ceasefire after the Yom Kippur War. Canada sends 1,145 peacekeepers.

26 OCTOBER 1917
Three Canadians are awarded the Victoria Cross for heroic action on the first day of the 2^nd Battle of Passchendaele.

27 OCTOBER 1918
Billy Barker takes on swarms of enemy planes, bringing down several despite severe wounds, before a crash landing.

28 OCTOBER 1790
On present-day Vancouver Island, Spain signs an agreement with Britain to end its Pacific Northwest monopoly.

29 OCTOBER 1942
The Canadian Intelligence Corps is authorized.

30 OCTOBER 2009
A landmine kills Steven Marshall while on foot patrol in Panjwaii district southwest of Kandahar, Afghanistan.

31 OCTOBER 1995
Premier Jacques Parizeau resigns after a narrow loss in the Quebec sovereignty referendum.