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0 By any measure, admitting defeat in the St. Lawrence in September 1942 was a blow to the Royal Canadian Navy and to the government. Both took intense heat in Parliament and in the media for their inability to keep the nation’s main artery open in... -
0 By the time Paul Hartwig and Eberhard Hoffmann in U-517 and U-165 began their rampage in the lower St. Lawrence River, the navy and the government had decided to close—as soon as possible—the river and gulf to oceanic shipping.By the time Paul Hartwig and Eberhard... -
0 It was fortunate for the Royal Canadian Navy and for the Canadian government that attacks by U-165 and U-517 in August and early September 1942 took place in the remote reaches of the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Indeed, since the attacks took place off... -
1 The attacks on Nicoya and Leto on May 12, 1942, signalled the commencement of what became known as the Battle of the St. Lawrence, the most important enemy intrusion into Canadian territory—and the Canadian psyche—of the war. Although the threat was continuous throughout the shipping...





